Rules 5 and 6.

The fifth rule is to, when appropriate, take a vertical picture. This doesn't mean just to flip your camera whenever you feel like it. This rule is used when taking a picture of something that would simply look better if it was captured in a vertical shot. Doing this is useful especially when taking pictures of things like architecture, and landscape shots. For example, if I had taken this picture of the tree horizontally, you would have been able to see the ugly buildings on either side of it. Since I changed it to be vertical, you can only see the tree, and it looks a lot taller. 

The sixth rule is about changing your focus. To make an object in a picture stand out, hold your shutter button halfway down and move your lens to your main focus of the picture (no pun intended.) When everything is where you want it to be, hold down the shutter button the rest of the way. In the picture I took of my necklace, you can see courtney standing in front of some trees in the background, but it's all blurry so the main point of the picture is the heart charm.