Rules Three and Four.

The third rule is about using your flash outdoors. It's useful to use this technique when your subject is in a shadow, in front of sunlight, or if your in flash distance (8 or 9 feet.) Doing this can enhance the colors of your picture, or counterbalance with the brightness from the sunlight. It's also cool to use your flash when outside in a dark setting to emphasize and brighten your subject.

The fourth rule is to fill the frame. This is good to use when working with animals, small bugs, flowers, and people. To fill your frame, you must move as close up as possible to your subject and make sure it's in your cameras vision corner to corner. Using this technique can create an interesting picture.